🏠 Homepage 📘 Download PDF Books 📕 Premium PDF Books

Types Of Research Quiz 4 (10 MCQs)

This set of multiple-choice questions evaluates understanding of various research types, including ex-post facto research, action research, and applied research. It also covers observational studies, market analysis, and symbiotic relationships like commensalism. The questions assess the ability to distinguish between pure and applied research, and to understand the commercial and non-commercial angles of research.

Quiz Instructions

Select an option to see the correct answer instantly.

1. Research into products which have obvious commercial or practical use is called:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Applied research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, MCAT, MBA entrance exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Applied research is focused on solving practical problems and developing products with commercial or practical use.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is confusing applied research with pure research, which is aimed at expanding knowledge without immediate practical application.

Explanations: Applied research is specifically designed to address practical problems and develop products that have commercial or practical use. This type of research is often conducted in collaboration with industry partners and aims to produce tangible outcomes that can be directly applied to real-world situations.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Market research focuses on understanding consumer behavior and market trends, not necessarily on developing new products.
Option B: Pure research is aimed at expanding knowledge for its own sake, without immediate practical application.
Option C: Applied research is focused on solving practical problems and developing products with commercial or practical use.
Option D: Process research typically refers to the study of processes, which may or may not have commercial or practical use.

2. Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Commensalism.

Exam Relevance: AP Biology, IB Biology, Undergraduate Ecology

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing commensalism with mutualism, where both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Explanations: In the given scenario, the cattle egrets benefit from the presence of cattle because the cattle stir up insects, providing an easy food source for the egrets. The cattle, however, are not affected by the presence of the egrets. This fits the definition of commensalism, where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Mutualism involves both organisms benefiting from the relationship, which is not the case here.
Option B: Commensalism is the correct answer as the egrets benefit while the cattle are unaffected.
Option C: Competition involves organisms competing for the same resources, which is not applicable here.
Option D: Parasitism involves one organism benefiting at the expense of the other, which is not the case here.

3. In case of ..... research, no commercial angle is involved.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Pure.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Pure research is conducted to expand knowledge and understanding without the primary goal of commercial application.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that all research has a commercial angle, but pure research is driven by the pursuit of knowledge rather than commercial gain.

Explanations: Pure research is focused on advancing knowledge and understanding in a particular field without the primary aim of commercial application. This type of research is often conducted in academic or scientific settings and is driven by curiosity and the desire to explore fundamental questions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Social science research can have both commercial and non-commercial applications, so it is not exclusively free of commercial angles.
Option B: Pure research is characterized by the absence of a commercial angle, making it the correct answer.
Option C: Applied research is specifically aimed at solving practical problems and often has a commercial angle.
Option D: Empirical research involves the collection of data through observation or experiment and can be either pure or applied, depending on the context.

4. This type of research contributes to the development of knowledge or theory.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Basic Research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, PhD Qualifying Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Basic research is primarily focused on expanding knowledge and understanding of fundamental principles, often contributing to the development of new theories and knowledge.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that applied research also contributes significantly to the development of new theories, but it is more focused on solving practical problems.

Explanations: Basic research aims to increase fundamental knowledge and understanding, often leading to the development of new theories and knowledge. This type of research is not driven by immediate practical applications but rather by the pursuit of understanding natural phenomena and underlying principles.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Basic Research is correct because it is focused on expanding knowledge and developing new theories.
Option B: Applied Research is incorrect because it focuses on solving practical problems rather than developing new theories.
Option C: Action Research is incorrect because it is typically conducted in real-world settings to solve specific problems and improve practices.
Option D: None of the above is incorrect because Basic Research is the correct answer.

5. ..... is based on the assumption that the researcher has an accurate understanding of the problem at hand.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Conclusive research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, Research Methodology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Conclusive research is designed to provide definitive answers to specific research questions based on a thorough understanding of the problem.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that exploratory research, which aims to understand the problem better, is based on an accurate understanding of the problem. However, exploratory research is often conducted when the problem is not well understood.

Explanations: Conclusive research is based on the assumption that the researcher has an accurate understanding of the problem at hand. This type of research aims to provide definitive answers and is typically conducted after exploratory research has been completed. It relies on a clear and well-defined problem statement, which is why it assumes the researcher has a thorough understanding of the issue.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Exploratory research is conducted to gain insights and understanding of a problem, not to provide definitive answers. It does not assume an accurate understanding of the problem.
Option B: Conclusive research is based on the assumption that the researcher has an accurate understanding of the problem at hand, making it the correct answer.
Option C: Subjective research is based on personal opinions and feelings, not on an accurate understanding of the problem.
Option D: Observational research involves observing and recording behaviors or phenomena, but it does not necessarily assume an accurate understanding of the problem.
Option E: Directed research is not a standard term in research methodology and does not specifically imply an accurate understanding of the problem.

6. Research about consumer behavior and the external environment represents:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) External research.

Exam Relevance: Marketing exams, Business Management exams, MBA exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Research about consumer behavior and the external environment is categorized as external research. External research involves gathering information from sources outside the organization, such as market trends, customer preferences, and competitive analysis.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that research about consumer behavior and the external environment might be considered internal research, which focuses on data within the organization.

Explanations: External research is focused on understanding factors outside the organization, such as consumer behavior and market conditions. This type of research helps organizations make informed decisions by providing insights into customer preferences, market trends, and competitive landscapes.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Internal research involves gathering data from within the organization, such as employee feedback or internal processes. This does not apply to consumer behavior and the external environment.
Option B: External research involves gathering data from sources outside the organization, such as market trends and customer preferences. This aligns with the focus on consumer behavior and the external environment.
Option C: Organizational research typically focuses on internal organizational structures and processes, not external factors like consumer behavior.
Option D: This option is incorrect as the correct answer is clearly identified as external research.

7. Action Research is conducted by:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Teachers/Practitioners.

Exam Relevance: Educational Research, Teaching Methodology, Educational Psychology

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Action Research is a type of research conducted by practitioners, typically teachers, to improve their own practice. It involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that action research is conducted by external researchers or scientists, rather than by the practitioners themselves.

Explanations: Action research is specifically designed for practitioners, such as teachers, to address real-world problems in their own settings. It is a reflective process that allows teachers to systematically investigate and improve their teaching practices. This makes teachers and practitioners the primary conductors of action research.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Scientists typically conduct research in controlled environments and focus on broader, more generalizable findings, not specific to classroom practice.
Option B: Teachers/Practitioners are the correct answer because they are the primary conductors of action research, aiming to improve their own practice through systematic investigation.
Option C: Educational Psychologists may conduct research, but action research is specifically tailored for practitioners to improve their own practice, not for external experts.
Option D: Policy Makers are involved in creating educational policies but do not typically conduct action research, which is practitioner-focused.

8. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as [2007-JUNE]

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) 'Ex-post Facto' Research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, MCAT, GMAT, Psychology Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: 'Ex-post Facto' research is a type of research where the investigator attempts to trace an effect from a known cause. This type of research is often used in fields such as psychology, sociology, and education to understand the outcomes of past events or interventions.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that 'Ex-post Facto' research involves manipulating variables, which it does not. It is purely observational and focuses on analyzing existing data.

Explanations: 'Ex-post Facto' research is the correct answer because it involves studying the effects of a known cause that has already occurred. This type of research is retrospective and aims to understand the consequences of past events or conditions.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Survey Research involves collecting data through questionnaires or interviews and does not specifically focus on tracing effects from known causes.
Option B: 'Ex-post Facto' Research is the correct choice as it involves tracing effects from known causes.
Option C: Historical Research involves studying past events and conditions but does not necessarily focus on tracing effects from known causes.
Option D: Summative Research is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a program or intervention but does not specifically involve tracing effects from known causes.

9. Action research is purely a learner-centered pursuit.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) FALSE.

Exam Relevance: Educational Research, Qualitative Research Methods, Action Research Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Action research is a type of research that involves participants in the research process, often with the goal of improving a specific situation or solving a practical problem. While it can be learner-centered, it is not exclusively so.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that action research is always learner-centered, but it can also involve other stakeholders such as teachers, administrators, or community members.

Explanations: Action research is a collaborative and iterative process that aims to solve practical problems and improve practices. It can involve learners, but it is not limited to them. Action research can be conducted by teachers, administrators, or other stakeholders to address various issues within an educational setting. Therefore, it is not purely a learner-centered pursuit.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This option suggests that action research is purely learner-centered, which is incorrect.
Option B: This option correctly states that action research is not purely a learner-centered pursuit.

10. Mr. Christian has designed a camera with buttons that are easy to reach and see. Mr. Christian is most likely .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) Engaged in applied research.

Exam Relevance: GRE, GMAT, MCAT, Professional Licensing Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Applied research is focused on solving practical problems and developing solutions that can be directly used in real-world situations. It often involves the design and improvement of products, technologies, or processes.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that applied research is purely theoretical or laboratory-based. However, applied research is specifically aimed at addressing practical issues and creating tangible outcomes.

Explanations: Mr. Christian's design of a camera with buttons that are easy to reach and see is an example of applied research. This type of research focuses on solving practical problems and creating solutions that can be directly used in real-world situations. The design of user-friendly features in a camera is a clear example of applied research.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Physical research typically involves the study of physical phenomena and is not necessarily focused on practical applications.
Option B: Laboratory research is often experimental and conducted in a controlled environment, but it may not always be aimed at solving practical problems.
Option C: Social research focuses on understanding social behaviors and phenomena, which is not directly related to the design of a camera.
Option D: Applied research is focused on solving practical problems and developing solutions that can be directly used in real-world situations, which aligns with Mr. Christian's work.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main difference between basic and applied research?

Basic research aims to expand knowledge and develop theories without immediate practical application, while applied research focuses on solving specific practical problems and has direct commercial or societal applications.

Can you explain the concept of ex-post facto research?

Ex-post facto research involves studying the effects of a known cause that has already occurred. Researchers analyze data from past events to trace the outcomes and draw conclusions.

How does action research differ from other types of research?

Action research is practitioner-focused and involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to solve practical problems in real-world settings, often in collaboration with stakeholders.

What is the role of collaborative research in the field of symbiotic relationships?

Collaborative research in symbiotic relationships, such as commensalism between cattle egrets and grazing animals, involves multiple researchers working together to understand complex interactions and their ecological impacts.

How does conclusive research contribute to market trends?

Conclusive research provides definitive answers about consumer behavior and market trends, helping businesses make informed decisions about product design, marketing strategies, and commercial use.

🏠 Back to Homepage 📘 Download PDF Books 📕 Premium PDF Books