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Non Probability Sampling Quiz 18 (10 MCQs)

This set of multiple-choice questions evaluates understanding of non-probability sampling techniques, including convenience sampling, judgmental sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. It assesses the ability to distinguish between various sampling methods, identify specific criteria, and understand the role of researcher's judgment in non-random selection.

Quiz Instructions

Select an option to see the correct answer instantly.

1. Ms JH chose seven student nurses from two diploma in nursing programs who had completed at least one semester of clinical experience. This sample is classified as .....

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Purposive sampling.

Exam Relevance: Nursing exams, Public Health exams, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects participants based on specific criteria or characteristics relevant to the study.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing purposive sampling with other non-probability sampling methods, such as convenience sampling, which relies on easily accessible participants.

Explanations: Ms JH chose seven student nurses from two diploma in nursing programs who had completed at least one semester of clinical experience. This indicates that the participants were selected based on specific criteria (having completed at least one semester of clinical experience). This aligns with the definition of purposive sampling, where participants are chosen based on specific characteristics relevant to the study.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and then randomly selecting samples from each stratum. This does not apply here as the selection was not random and did not involve strata.
Option B: Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific criteria relevant to the study. This matches the scenario described.
Option C: Convenience sampling involves selecting participants based on their availability and ease of access. This does not apply here as the selection was based on specific criteria rather than convenience.
Option D: Simple random sampling involves selecting participants randomly from the entire population. This does not apply here as the selection was not random.

Mnemonic: Purposive: Purposeful selection

2. The sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (E) Accidental.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, Research Methods Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Accidental sampling, also known as convenience sampling, involves selecting a sample based on ease of access. This method is non-probabilistic and relies on the availability and proximity of participants.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is confusing accidental sampling with systematic sampling, which involves selecting every nth member of a population.

Explanations: The sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close to hand is a characteristic of accidental sampling. This method is non-random and relies on the convenience of the researcher, making it a form of non-probability sampling.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth member of a population, which is not related to the ease of access.
Option B: Simple random sampling involves selecting participants randomly, which does not align with the idea of selecting based on proximity.
Option C: Multi-stage sampling involves multiple stages of sampling, which is not related to the ease of access.
Option D: Area sampling involves selecting entire areas or regions, which is not related to the ease of access.
Option E: Accidental sampling involves selecting participants based on their proximity and ease of access, which matches the description given.

3. Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (D) They are all forms of nonrandom sampling.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, MCAT, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Nonrandom sampling involves selecting participants based on specific criteria or convenience rather than random selection. The options provided are all examples of nonrandom sampling techniques.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that some of these techniques might be random sampling methods, but they are not. Each of these techniques involves a deliberate selection process.

Explanations: Snowball sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling are all forms of nonrandom sampling. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to recruit others. Quota sampling involves selecting participants to meet certain quotas. Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics. Since all these methods involve nonrandom selection, the correct answer is that they are all forms of nonrandom sampling.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Snowball sampling is a nonrandom sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances.
Option B: Quota sampling is a nonrandom sampling technique where the researcher ensures that certain quotas are met.
Option C: Purposive sampling is a nonrandom sampling technique where participants are selected based on specific characteristics.
Option D: This option correctly states that all the listed methods are forms of nonrandom sampling.

4. Which of the following refers to a nonprobability sample in which the researcher uses his or her evaluation techniques to select population members who are good prospects for accurate information?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Judgment sample.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, Research Methods exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: A judgment sample is a type of nonprobability sample where the researcher selects participants based on their judgment or expertise. The researcher believes that these participants are the best sources of information for the study.

Common Mistakes: A common mistake is confusing judgment sampling with quota sampling, where the researcher selects participants to meet specific quotas rather than based on their judgment.

Explanations: In a judgment sample, the researcher uses their expertise to select participants who are considered to be the most suitable or knowledgeable for the study. This method relies heavily on the researcher's judgment and is not based on random selection, making it a nonprobability sampling technique.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Quota sample involves selecting participants to meet specific quotas, not based on the researcher's judgment.
Option B: Judgment sample is the correct answer as it involves the researcher's evaluation to select participants who are good prospects for accurate information.
Option C: Convenience sample involves selecting participants who are readily available and easy to access, not based on the researcher's judgment.
Option D: Stratified random sample is a probability sampling technique where the population is divided into strata and random samples are taken from each stratum.
Option E: Simple random sample is a probability sampling technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Mnemonic: JUDGE: Judgment sample uses the researcher's judgment to select participants.

5. Judgmental sampling is a technique used to select a sample with the non-existence of a sampling frame.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) True.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, Research Methods Exams

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Judgmental sampling, also known as purposive sampling, is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects the sample based on their judgment. This method does not require a sampling frame, as the selection is based on the researcher's discretion.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that judgmental sampling requires a predefined list or sampling frame, which is not the case.

Explanations: Judgmental sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects the sample based on their judgment. This method does not require a sampling frame, as the selection is based on the researcher's discretion. Therefore, the statement that judgmental sampling is a technique used to select a sample with the non-existence of a sampling frame is true.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Judgmental sampling does not require a sampling frame.
Option B: Incorrect. This option contradicts the definition of judgmental sampling.

6. What is an advantage of Opportunity Sampling?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) Quick.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, IB Statistics, GRE, GMAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Opportunity sampling is a type of non-probability sampling where participants are selected based on their availability and willingness to participate.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that opportunity sampling is always the best method, but it can introduce bias and may not be representative of the population.

Explanations: Opportunity sampling is quick because it involves selecting participants who are readily available and willing to take part in the study. This method does not require extensive planning or resources to recruit participants, making it a fast and convenient approach.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Correct. Opportunity sampling is quick because it relies on readily available participants.
Option B: Incorrect. Opportunity sampling is not difficult; it is relatively simple to implement.
Option C: Incorrect. Opportunity sampling is not expensive; it is cost-effective as it does not require significant resources.
Option D: Incorrect. Opportunity sampling is not time-consuming; it is a quick method of sampling.

7. The population is split into groups based on factors relevant to the research, then convenience sampling from each group is used.

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (E) Quota.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, Psychology exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on certain characteristics, and then a predetermined number of individuals are sampled from each subgroup based on convenience.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is confusing quota sampling with stratified sampling. While both involve dividing the population into subgroups, stratified sampling uses random sampling within each subgroup, whereas quota sampling uses convenience sampling.

Explanations: Quota sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups based on relevant factors and then selecting a predetermined number of individuals from each subgroup using convenience sampling. This matches the description given in the question, where the population is split into groups based on relevant factors and then convenience sampling is used within each group.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Convenience sampling involves selecting individuals based on ease of access, without dividing the population into subgroups.
Option B: Simple random sampling involves selecting individuals randomly from the entire population without any subgroup division.
Option C: Systematic sampling involves selecting individuals at regular intervals from a list of the population.
Option D: Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting individuals from each subgroup.
Option E: Quota sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting a predetermined number of individuals from each subgroup using convenience sampling.

Mnemonic: Quota: Quotas for convenience.

8. Which type of sampling method involves selecting participants who are easily accessible?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (B) Convenience sampling.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, MCAT, GMAT

Difficulty: Easy

Concept notes: Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where participants are selected based on their availability and ease of access.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that random sampling also involves selecting easily accessible participants, but random sampling requires each participant to have an equal chance of being selected.

Explanations: Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available and easy to access. This method is often used when the researcher needs to gather data quickly and does not have the resources to use more rigorous sampling methods. The key characteristic of convenience sampling is its reliance on convenience and accessibility, making it a non-probability sampling technique.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Random sampling involves selecting participants randomly, ensuring each participant has an equal chance of being selected. This is not based on accessibility.
Option B: Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are easily accessible, fitting the description in the question.
Option C: Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting participants from each subgroup. This is not based on accessibility.
Option D: Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific criteria relevant to the research question. This is not based on accessibility.

9. How is quota sampling different from stratified random sampling?

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (A) It is not done randomly in regards to the subgroups.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, MCAT, GMAT

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Quota sampling and stratified random sampling both involve dividing the population into subgroups, but they differ in how the samples are selected from these subgroups.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that quota sampling involves random selection within subgroups, similar to stratified random sampling. However, quota sampling relies on non-random methods to select participants.

Explanations: Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher ensures that certain characteristics are represented in the sample in proportion to their presence in the population. However, the selection of participants within each subgroup is not random. Instead, the researcher may use convenience or judgment to select participants until the quota for each subgroup is met. In contrast, stratified random sampling involves randomly selecting participants from each subgroup, ensuring that each subgroup is represented proportionally and randomly.

Option Analysis:

Option A: This is correct because quota sampling does not involve random selection within subgroups.
Option B: This is incorrect because quota sampling does not use random selection within subgroups.

10. The method that selects respondents based on their availability or accessibility to the researcher is an example of:

Correct Answer: Correct answer is: (C) Non-probability sampling.

Exam Relevance: AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, Research Methods Exams

Difficulty: Moderate

Concept notes: Non-probability sampling involves selecting respondents based on their availability or accessibility to the researcher, rather than using a random selection process.

Common Mistakes: A common misunderstanding is that non-probability sampling is a form of random sampling, which it is not. Non-probability sampling methods do not ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Explanations: Non-probability sampling methods, such as convenience sampling, rely on the ease of access to participants. This method is often used when it is difficult or impractical to conduct a probability sampling. The selection of respondents is based on their availability and willingness to participate, which aligns with the description provided in the question.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Probability sampling involves random selection, ensuring each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This does not match the description of selecting respondents based on availability.
Option B: Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters. This does not align with the method of selecting respondents based on their availability.
Option C: Non-probability sampling involves selecting respondents based on their availability or accessibility, which matches the description in the question.
Option D: Snowball sampling involves recruiting participants through referrals from initial participants. This method is not based solely on availability or accessibility.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is non-probability sampling?

Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the selection of participants is not based on randomization. Instead, it relies on the researcher's judgment or convenience.

What are some types of non-probability sampling?

Common types of non-probability sampling include convenience sampling, judgmental sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling.

How does convenience sampling work?

Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available and easy to access, often leading to a sample that may not be representative of the entire population.

What is the main advantage of non-probability sampling?

The main advantage of non-probability sampling is its accessibility and ease of use, making it quicker and less costly compared to probability sampling methods.

How does judgmental sampling differ from other non-probability methods?

Judgmental sampling relies on the researcher's expertise to select participants who are believed to be representative of the population, whereas other methods may be more haphazard or based on convenience.

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