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Unit Ii Research Aptitude
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Descriptive Research – Quiz 3
Descriptive Research Quiz 3 (10 MCQs)
This set of multiple-choice questions evaluates understanding of descriptive research methods, including data collection, behavior description, and observational research. It covers survey design, systematic observation, and the correlation between variables in a cross-sectional study. The questions assess skills in factual reporting, hypothesis generation, and the impact assessment of educational practices.
Quiz Instructions
Select an option to see the correct answer instantly.
1.
A study to draw the features of a particular individual's situation or a group perfectly is known as
A) Formulative research.
B) Agnostic research.
C) Descriptive research.
D) Hypothesis testing research.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (C) Descriptive research.
Exam Relevance:
AP Psychology, GRE, MCAT, Research Methods Exams
Difficulty:
Moderate
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of a particular individual or group in detail. It focuses on providing a comprehensive and accurate portrayal of the subject under study.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that descriptive research involves making predictions or testing hypotheses, which it does not. Descriptive research is purely focused on describing the current state of affairs.
Explanations:
Descriptive research is the correct answer because it is designed to provide a detailed and accurate description of a particular individual or group. This type of research does not aim to test hypotheses or make predictions, but rather to capture the features and characteristics of the subject in a comprehensive manner.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Formulative research is not a standard term in research methodology and does not describe the process of capturing detailed features of an individual or group.
Option B:
Agnostic research is not a recognized term in research methodology and does not describe the process of detailed description.
Option C:
Descriptive research is the correct term for capturing detailed and accurate features of an individual or group.
Option D:
Hypothesis testing research involves testing specific hypotheses and is not focused on detailed description.
2.
What type of research method is used to examine the relationship between two variables without manipulating either variable?
A) Correlation.
B) Experiment.
C) Observation.
D) Longitudinal study.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (A) Correlation.
Exam Relevance:
AP Statistics, GRE, GMAT, Psychology exams
Difficulty:
Easy
Concept notes:
Correlation is a statistical method used to examine the relationship between two variables without manipulating either variable.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that correlation implies causation, but correlation only indicates a relationship, not a cause-and-effect relationship.
Explanations:
Correlation is the appropriate method for examining the relationship between two variables without manipulating either variable. It measures the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables, but does not imply causation.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. Correlation is used to examine the relationship between two variables without manipulating either variable.
Option B:
Incorrect. An experiment involves manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable.
Option C:
Incorrect. Observation involves watching and recording behaviors or events without manipulation.
Option D:
Incorrect. A longitudinal study involves repeated observations of the same variables over a long period of time.
3.
Descriptive research is used to:
A) Test hypothesis.
B) Describe characteristics.
C) Prove theories.
D) Compare results.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (B) Describe characteristics.
Exam Relevance:
AP Psychology, IB Psychology, GRE Psychology
Difficulty:
Easy
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon or group without manipulating variables or testing hypotheses.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that descriptive research is used to test hypotheses or prove theories, which is not accurate. Descriptive research is primarily focused on describing and summarizing data.
Explanations:
Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a phenomenon or group. It does not involve testing hypotheses or proving theories. Instead, it focuses on gathering and summarizing data to provide a clear picture of the current state of affairs.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Descriptive research does not test hypotheses; it describes characteristics.
Option B:
This is the correct answer as descriptive research is used to describe characteristics.
Option C:
Descriptive research does not prove theories; it describes characteristics.
Option D:
Descriptive research does not compare results; it describes characteristics.
4.
When American Airlines asked how many first-class passengers would purchase in-flight Internet service at $ 25, they were conducting ..... research.
A) Causal.
B) Exploratory.
C) Secondary.
D) Ethnographic.
E) Descriptive.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (E) Descriptive.
Exam Relevance:
Market Research Exams, Business Research Methods Exams, MBA Exams
Difficulty:
Moderate
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon by gathering data and reporting it in a detailed manner. It does not seek to establish cause-and-effect relationships or predict future outcomes.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is confusing descriptive research with exploratory research. While exploratory research aims to generate new insights and hypotheses, descriptive research focuses on describing the current state of affairs.
Explanations:
American Airlines' survey to determine how many first-class passengers would purchase in-flight Internet service at $25 is an example of descriptive research. The goal is to gather and describe the current behavior and preferences of the passengers, without attempting to establish a cause-and-effect relationship or generate new hypotheses.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Causal research aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships, which is not the case here.
Option B:
Exploratory research is used to generate new insights and hypotheses, not to describe current behavior.
Option C:
Secondary research involves using existing data, not collecting new data through surveys.
Option D:
Ethnographic research involves studying cultures and social behaviors in depth, which is not the focus of this survey.
Option E:
Descriptive research aims to describe the current state of affairs, which aligns with the survey's goal of understanding current passenger behavior.
5.
In ..... study, a cross section of a community is studied at a particular period of time.
A) Cross-sectional study.
B) Correlation study.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (A) Cross-sectional study.
Exam Relevance:
AP Psychology, GRE Psychology, MCAT
Difficulty:
Easy
Concept notes:
A cross-sectional study involves examining a population at a single point in time to understand the prevalence of certain characteristics or conditions.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is confusing cross-sectional studies with longitudinal studies, which follow the same subjects over a period of time.
Explanations:
In a cross-sectional study, researchers collect data from a population at a specific point in time. This type of study provides a snapshot of the current state of the population, allowing researchers to understand the prevalence of certain characteristics or conditions within that population at that moment.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Correct. A cross-sectional study involves studying a community at a particular period of time.
Option B:
Incorrect. A correlation study examines the relationship between two or more variables, but does not necessarily involve studying a community at a specific point in time.
6.
It describes systematically a situation or area of interest factually and accurately
A) Descriptive method.
B) Historical method.
C) Development method.
D) Case and field method.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (A) Descriptive method.
Exam Relevance:
Research Methods, Psychology Exams, Sociology Exams
Difficulty:
Easy
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to systematically describe a situation or area of interest in a factual and accurate manner.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that descriptive research involves making predictions or testing hypotheses, which it does not.
Explanations:
The descriptive method is used to systematically describe a situation or area of interest factually and accurately. This aligns with the definition provided in the question, making it the correct choice.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Descriptive method accurately describes a situation or area of interest factually and accurately.
Option B:
Historical method focuses on past events and their analysis, not on current systematic description.
Option C:
Development method typically involves the progression or evolution of a subject, not a systematic description.
Option D:
Case and field method involves detailed study of specific cases or field observations, not a general systematic description.
7.
Which type of quantitative research design is best used when the main objective of the study is just to observe and report a certain phenomenon as it is happening?
A) Descriptive Research.
B) Experimental Research.
C) Correlational Research.
D) Causal-Comparative Research.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (A) Descriptive Research.
Exam Relevance:
AP Psychology, IB Psychology, GRE Psychology
Difficulty:
Easy
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to observe and report phenomena as they occur without manipulating variables or establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that descriptive research involves manipulating variables or establishing cause-and-effect relationships, which it does not.
Explanations:
Descriptive research is the best choice when the main objective is to observe and report a phenomenon as it is happening. This type of research does not involve manipulating variables or establishing cause-and-effect relationships, making it suitable for simply describing the current state of affairs.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Descriptive Research is the correct choice as it focuses on observing and reporting phenomena without manipulation.
Option B:
Experimental Research involves manipulating variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships, which is not the objective here.
Option C:
Correlational Research examines relationships between variables, but does not simply observe and report phenomena.
Option D:
Causal-Comparative Research aims to identify cause-and-effect relationships, which is not the objective of simply observing and reporting.
8.
A professor finds that people who are obese have higher cholesterol levels than those who are not obese.
A) Observational Study.
B) Experiment.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (A) Observational Study.
Exam Relevance:
AP Statistics, GRE Psychology, MCAT
Difficulty:
Moderate
Concept notes:
An observational study involves observing and collecting data without manipulating the variables. In contrast, an experiment involves actively manipulating one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is to confuse observational studies with experiments. In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the independent variable to observe the effect on the dependent variable, whereas in an observational study, the researcher simply observes and records data without manipulation.
Explanations:
The professor's finding that people who are obese have higher cholesterol levels is based on observing and collecting data on obesity and cholesterol levels without manipulating any variables. This aligns with the definition of an observational study, where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes the natural occurrence of variables.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
This is the correct answer because the professor is observing and collecting data without manipulating any variables, which is characteristic of an observational study.
Option B:
This is incorrect because an experiment involves actively manipulating variables, which is not the case in the given scenario.
9.
What is the central aim of the study regarding the integration of PBL in Eastern Pangasinan senior high schools?
A) To mandate PBL immediately without investigation.
B) To investigate the current implementation and impact of PBL in that specific region.
C) To prove that PBL cannot work in the Philippines.
D) To compare science scores only within a single classroom.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (B) To investigate the current implementation and impact of PBL in that specific region.
Exam Relevance:
Educational Research, Teaching Methods, Curriculum Design
Difficulty:
Moderate
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon or situation without manipulating variables. In this context, the study aims to understand the current state of PBL implementation and its impact in Eastern Pangasinan senior high schools.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that the study aims to mandate PBL immediately, which would be prescriptive rather than descriptive.
Explanations:
The central aim of the study is to investigate the current implementation and impact of PBL in Eastern Pangasinan senior high schools. This aligns with the descriptive research approach, which seeks to describe and understand the existing conditions without making immediate changes or mandates.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
This option suggests an immediate mandate without investigation, which is not descriptive research.
Option B:
This option correctly identifies the aim to investigate the current implementation and impact, which is consistent with descriptive research.
Option C:
This option suggests proving that PBL cannot work, which is not the aim of descriptive research.
Option D:
This option is too narrow, focusing only on science scores within a single classroom, which does not encompass the broader scope of descriptive research.
10.
Raises questions based on ongoing events (present). Its purpose is to observe, describe and document aspect of a situation as it naturally occurs and sometimes to serve as a starting point for hypothesis generation or theory development.
A) HISTORICAL RESEARCH.
B) EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH.
C) DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH.
D) EXPLORATORY RESEARCH.
Show Answer
Correct Answer:
Correct answer is: (C) DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH.
Exam Relevance:
Research Methods, Psychology Exams, Sociology Exams
Difficulty:
Moderate
Concept notes:
Descriptive research aims to observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs. It often serves as a starting point for hypothesis generation or theory development.
Common Mistakes:
A common misunderstanding is that descriptive research involves manipulating variables, which is incorrect. Descriptive research is observational and does not involve experimental manipulation.
Explanations:
Descriptive research focuses on observing and documenting aspects of a situation as they naturally occur. It does not involve manipulating variables or testing hypotheses. Instead, it aims to provide a detailed and accurate description of the current state of affairs, which can then be used to generate hypotheses or theories for further research.
Option Analysis:
Option A:
Historical research involves studying past events and data, which does not align with the ongoing nature of descriptive research.
Option B:
Experimental research involves manipulating variables and testing hypotheses, which is not the focus of descriptive research.
Option C:
Descriptive research involves observing and documenting aspects of a situation as they naturally occur, which matches the description provided in the question.
Option D:
Exploratory research is more about discovering new insights and generating hypotheses, rather than describing ongoing events.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is descriptive research?
Descriptive research is a type of research that aims to describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon. It focuses on reporting phenomena as they naturally occur without manipulating variables.
How does descriptive research differ from other types of research?
Descriptive research differs from other types of research, such as experimental or correlational studies, by focusing on observing and summarizing data without manipulating variables or establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
What are some common methods used in descriptive research?
Common methods in descriptive research include surveys, observational studies, and cross-sectional studies. These methods help collect and summarize data to provide a detailed description of the subject under study.
What is the purpose of data collection in descriptive research?
The purpose of data collection in descriptive research is to gather factual information about the characteristics of a population or phenomenon. This data is then used to provide a systematic description and understanding of the subject.
How is descriptive research used in real-world applications?
Descriptive research is used in various real-world applications, such as assessing the impact of PBL implementation in education, understanding passenger behavior in transportation, or evaluating the characteristics of a specific population.